William Francis Galvin

Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts

Home About Collections Exhibits Guides Complete Archive Revolution 250
search archive
Browse Archive

First To Be Free: The Evacuation of Boston

As George Washington, the new general of the Continental Army, attempted to organize local militias into a proper army in 1775, he faced a dilemma— there were not enough cannons. A solution arrived in May of that year, when Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold successfully led the capture of Fort Ticonderoga, with its cannons and gunpowder intact. Henry Knox, newly commissioned as Lieutenant Colonel in the Army, subsequently traveled to New York in the middle of winter to secure the captured artillery. Knox’s plan for transporting the cannons (some of which weighed over 1,000 lbs) involved disassembling them, mounting them on sleds, and hauling them back to Boston. Despite harsh weather conditions and rough terrain, the supplies made it to Cambridge on January 24, 1776. An attack was planned, and the cannons were moved into place. On March 2, Knox's artillery bombarded Boston from their positions in Cambridge and Roxbury, startling the British troops. It was not long until British general William Howe realized that the most sensible option for his army was to evacuate Boston. A settlement was reached between Howe and Washington— if Washington would allow the British soldiers to peacefully exit, then they would not damage the city on their way out. On March 17, British troops officially withdrew from Boston, signaling a victory for the Continental Army and a critical moment in the Revolutionary War. Today, Massachusetts celebrates March 17 as Evacuation Day, which was officially declared as a holiday in 1901.

Letter from Provincial Congress to Benedict Arnold at Ticonderoga, May 22, 1775

Letter from Provincial Congress to Benedict Arnold at Ticonderoga,
May 22, 1775

List of soldiers killed and wounded in the attack on Fort Ticonderoga, July 6-8, 1758

List of soldiers killed and wounded in the attack on Fort Ticonderoga,
July 6–8, 1758

Payroll for the crew of the sloop Enterprise, which sailed on Lake Champlain, for May-July 1775

Payroll for the crew of the sloop Enterprise, which sailed on Lake Champlain, for May–July 1775

Memorial of Gen. Henry Knox to the Council that the Continental Congress had ordered 16 new Continental battalions, with increase of bounty, January 31, 1777

Memorial of Gen. Henry Knox to the Council that the Continental Congress had ordered 16 new Continental battalions, with increase of bounty, January 31, 1777

Petition of Scipio Fayerweather, a Black man whose house in Boston was destroyed by the British, submitted April 27, 1776

Petition of Scipio Fayerweather, a Black man whose house in Boston was destroyed by the British, submitted April 27, 1776

Petition of Ann Swift requesting pay for damage done to her house in Dorchester by the Continental Army in 1775, submitted March 31, 1777

Petition of Ann Swift requesting pay for damage done to her house in Dorchester by the Continental Army in 1775, submitted March 31, 1777

Daily proceedings of March 21-24, 1776, relating to Battle of Dorchester Heights

Daily proceedings of March 21–24, 1776, relating to Battle of
Dorchester Heights

Report of Committee conferring with General Washington regarding the removal of Continental troops from Boston after the withdrawal of the British, March 22, 1776

Report of Committee conferring with General Washington regarding the removal of Continental troops from Boston after the withdrawal of the British, March 22, 1776

Printed memorial by Hopestill Capen, a Tory prisoner in Boston, stating that he was acting on the principles of his religion and conscience, August 29, 1776

Printed memorial by Hopestill Capen, a Tory prisoner in Boston, stating that he was acting on the principles of his religion and conscience,
August 29, 1776

Resolve of Council to arrest Royalists in Boston who joined the British troops or endeavored to 'further the measures of the British administration for enslaving the united American colonies,' January 1776

Resolve of Council to arrest Royalists in Boston who joined the British troops or endeavored to “further the measures of the British administration for enslaving the united American colonies,” January 1776

Petition of the Committee of Spencer reporting suspicious meetings of Tories, and requesting instructions 'to prevent their Evil Designs,' July 13, 1776

Petition of the Committee of Spencer reporting suspicious meetings of Tories, and requesting instructions “to prevent their Evil Designs,” July 13, 1776

Petition of the Committee of Cape Elizabeth, Maine for cannon and ammunition to arm a fort under construction, which they say guards 'the Key of the whole Province of Maine,' submitted June 1, 1776

Petition of the Committee of Cape Elizabeth, Maine for cannon and ammunition to arm a fort under construction, which they say guards “the Key of the whole Province of Maine,” submitted June 1, 1776

Petition of the Committee of Deer Island, Maine for instructions regarding captured vessels, and accompanying resolve directing them to detain the ships, June 6, 1776

Petition of the Committee of Deer Island, Maine for instructions regarding captured vessels, and accompanying resolve directing them to detain the ships, June 6, 1776

Letter from George Washington concerning the defense of Boston Harbor, March 22, 1776

Letter from George Washington concerning the defense of Boston Harbor, March 22, 1776

Printed resolve of Congress allowing for the capture of British vessels, March 23, 1776

Printed resolve of Congress allowing for the capture of British vessels, March 23, 1776

Report on the importance of fortifying Hull and Boston Harbor due to their exposed conditions, January 1776

Report on the importance of fortifying Hull and Boston Harbor due to their exposed conditions, January 1776

Resolve of the Committee of Safety to fortify Bunker Hill and Dorchester Heights, June 15, 1775

Resolve of the Committee of Safety to fortify Bunker Hill and Dorchester Heights, June 15, 1775

Draft of a letter of resolve to be sent to neighboring colonies of Connecticut, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island, April 23, 1775

Draft of a letter of resolve to be sent to neighboring colonies of Connecticut, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island, April 23, 1775

Letter from General Henry Knox to James Bowdoin requesting cannons from Boston, February 12, 1777

Letter from General Henry Knox to James Bowdoin requesting cannons from Boston, February 12, 1777

Letter to Benedict Arnold at Ticonderoga from Joseph Warren notifying him of reinforcements sent by Connecticut and New York, June 1, 1775

Letter to Benedict Arnold at Ticonderoga from Joseph Warren notifying him of reinforcements sent by Connecticut and New York,
June 1, 1775

Speech by Governor Thomas Gage to the General Court upon his arrival in Massachusetts, May 26, 1774

Speech by Governor Thomas Gage to the General Court upon his arrival in Massachusetts, May 26, 1774

Powered by Preservica
William Francis Galvin, Secretary of the Commonwealth