A deputy governor was elected along with a governor by the freemen (General Court) of the Massachusetts Bay Company (colony), 1629-1686. The governor and deputy governor elected and then superseded by a crown-appointed president in 1686, resumed office in 1689 after the deposition of Gov. Edmund Andros. Under the provincial charter, a crown appointed governor and lieutenant governor served 1692-1776, in 1774 opposed by three provincial congresses and from 1775 by a Council without governor (to 1780). The 1780 Constitution stipulates an elected lieutenant governor to serve as member of the Council, to chair it in the governor's absence, and otherwise to serve as acting governor as required (Const Pt 2, C 2, S 2). Const Amend Art 86 (1966) provides for joint election of governor and lieutenant governor.